Latest items for Cambodia
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"Indeed, the RGC’s [Royal Government of Cambodia] lack of actions to educate workers on gender-based violence denies women any form of protection since it takes knowledge to be able to assemble against discrimination or to seek justice. Without knowledge, women are left vulnerable to all forms of discrimination" (10).
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-1
"Indeed, the RGC’s [Royal Government of Cambodia] lack of actions to educate workers on gender-based violence denies women any form of protection since it takes knowledge to be able to assemble against discrimination or to seek justice. Without knowledge, women are left vulnerable to all forms of discrimination" (10).
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: SAB-LAW-1, SAB-LAW-2
"For example, both female factory workers and factory managers cited a lack of safe and accessible transport options as a key barrier for female workers to utilize child-care or breast-feeding facilities which factories are obliged to provide under Cambodian labor law" (12). This indicates that breast-feeding is encouraged, and there is an attempt for the government to appear supportive of breast-feeding in the workplace (MB2-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: SAB-LAW-1, SAB-LAW-2
"For example, both female factory workers and factory managers cited a lack of safe and accessible transport options as a key barrier for female workers to utilize child-care or breast-feeding facilities which factories are obliged to provide under Cambodian labor law" (12). This indicates that breast-feeding is encouraged, and there is an attempt for the government to appear supportive of breast-feeding in the workplace (MB2-CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2
"It is notoriously difficult to map out the full extent of gender-based violence in the world of work since the subject is culturally taboo and it is often difficult for victims to speak up" (9). "Women workers also have limited systems in place for women to raise concerns and also expressed their hesitation to report harassment and gender-based violence due to negative community attitudes and assumptions about them from others in their community, such as not being a ‘proper woman,’ shunning traditional values, or being sexually promiscuous when away from their home communities for work. A culture of victim-blaming, from both officials and peers, has also been cited as a...more
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2
"It is notoriously difficult to map out the full extent of gender-based violence in the world of work since the subject is culturally taboo and it is often difficult for victims to speak up" (9). "Women workers also have limited systems in place for women to raise concerns and also expressed their hesitation to report harassment and gender-based violence due to negative community attitudes and assumptions about them from others in their community, such as not being a ‘proper woman,’ shunning traditional values, or being sexually promiscuous when away from their home communities for work. A culture of victim-blaming, from both officials and peers, has also been cited as a...more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"Article 172 of Cambodian Labor Law imposes an obligation on managers and employers to 'watch over good behavior and decency 'of women' and prohibits 'sexual violation.' However, 'sexual violation' is undefined and there are no further provisions with respect to penalties, sanctions or preventative measures. The Penal Code defines sexual harassment as 'an act that a person abuses the power which was vested to him/her in his/her functions in order to put pressure again and again on other persons in exchange for sexual favor.' However, this does not address sexual harassment that falls outside of the 'quid pro quo harassment,' and which would apply more broadly to horizontal relationships. Similarly,...more
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-1
"Article 172 of Cambodian Labor Law imposes an obligation on managers and employers to 'watch over good behavior and decency 'of women' and prohibits 'sexual violation.' However, 'sexual violation' is undefined and there are no further provisions with respect to penalties, sanctions or preventative measures. The Penal Code defines sexual harassment as 'an act that a person abuses the power which was vested to him/her in his/her functions in order to put pressure again and again on other persons in exchange for sexual favor.' However, this does not address sexual harassment that falls outside of the 'quid pro quo harassment,' and which would apply more broadly to horizontal relationships. Similarly,...more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Article 172 of Cambodian Labor Law imposes an obligation on managers and employers to 'watch over good behavior and decency 'of women' and prohibits 'sexual violation.' However, 'sexual violation' is undefined and there are no further provisions with respect to penalties, sanctions or preventative measures. The Penal Code defines sexual harassment as 'an act that a person abuses the power which was vested to him/her in his/her functions in order to put pressure again and again on other persons in exchange for sexual favor.' However, this does not address sexual harassment that falls outside of the 'quid pro quo harassment,' and which would apply more broadly to horizontal relationships. Similarly,...more
Variables: LRW-LAW-1
"Article 172 of Cambodian Labor Law imposes an obligation on managers and employers to 'watch over good behavior and decency 'of women' and prohibits 'sexual violation.' However, 'sexual violation' is undefined and there are no further provisions with respect to penalties, sanctions or preventative measures. The Penal Code defines sexual harassment as 'an act that a person abuses the power which was vested to him/her in his/her functions in order to put pressure again and again on other persons in exchange for sexual favor.' However, this does not address sexual harassment that falls outside of the 'quid pro quo harassment,' and which would apply more broadly to horizontal relationships. Similarly,...more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"In 2018, nine women leaders from seven unions in Cambodia, representing the garment sector, conducted interviews and held focus groups with 83 women garment workers to gather information about the scope and incidence of GBV [gender based violence] in garment and apparel sectors. Of these respondents: 48% self- identified as targets of gender-based violence at work; 87% experienced verbal harassment or unwanted touching based on their gender; 47% had a supervisor or manager force them to become their mistress or 'second wife' with the understanding that it would improve working conditions; 28% reported that someone at work forced them to sleep with them to extend a contract, fix their sewing...more
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"In 2018, nine women leaders from seven unions in Cambodia, representing the garment sector, conducted interviews and held focus groups with 83 women garment workers to gather information about the scope and incidence of GBV [gender based violence] in garment and apparel sectors. Of these respondents: 48% self- identified as targets of gender-based violence at work; 87% experienced verbal harassment or unwanted touching based on their gender; 47% had a supervisor or manager force them to become their mistress or 'second wife' with the understanding that it would improve working conditions; 28% reported that someone at work forced them to sleep with them to extend a contract, fix their sewing...more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: GIC-LAW-3
"Also, the right to paid maternity leave only accrues to a woman who has a minimum of one-year uninterrupted service at the company, and paid leave only accrues after one year. Short-term contracts are particularly common in the predominantly female garment sector in Cambodia....These short-term contracts have both gender specific adverse consequences, such as non-renewal in cases of pregnancy, as well as more generalized adverse consequences on social security benefits, collective bargaining, and organizing into unions and seniority. The impact of STC’s [short term contracts]more generally is that workers are afraid to assert their rights for fear that they will not have their contracts renewed" (6-7). This indicates that while...more
Variables: GIC-LAW-3
"Also, the right to paid maternity leave only accrues to a woman who has a minimum of one-year uninterrupted service at the company, and paid leave only accrues after one year. Short-term contracts are particularly common in the predominantly female garment sector in Cambodia....These short-term contracts have both gender specific adverse consequences, such as non-renewal in cases of pregnancy, as well as more generalized adverse consequences on social security benefits, collective bargaining, and organizing into unions and seniority. The impact of STC’s [short term contracts]more generally is that workers are afraid to assert their rights for fear that they will not have their contracts renewed" (6-7). This indicates that while...more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: GIC-LAW-1
"Also, the right to paid maternity leave only accrues to a woman who has a minimum of one-year uninterrupted service at the company, and paid leave only accrues after one year. Short-term contracts are particularly common in the predominantly female garment sector in Cambodia....These short-term contracts have both gender specific adverse consequences, such as non-renewal in cases of pregnancy, as well as more generalized adverse consequences on social security benefits, collective bargaining, and organizing into unions and seniority. The impact of STC’s [short term contracts] more generally is that workers are afraid to assert their rights for fear that they will not have their contracts renewed" (6-7). This indicates that...more
Variables: GIC-LAW-1
"Also, the right to paid maternity leave only accrues to a woman who has a minimum of one-year uninterrupted service at the company, and paid leave only accrues after one year. Short-term contracts are particularly common in the predominantly female garment sector in Cambodia....These short-term contracts have both gender specific adverse consequences, such as non-renewal in cases of pregnancy, as well as more generalized adverse consequences on social security benefits, collective bargaining, and organizing into unions and seniority. The impact of STC’s [short term contracts] more generally is that workers are afraid to assert their rights for fear that they will not have their contracts renewed" (6-7). This indicates that...more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Men dominate union leadership positions, even in the predominantly female garment industry" (5). "Women do not receive maternity benefits when they are on short-term contracts. In workshops hosted by the Solidarity Center, women reported that their short-term contracts were not renewed after the employer discovered their pregnancy" (7-8).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-3
"Men dominate union leadership positions, even in the predominantly female garment industry" (5). "Women do not receive maternity benefits when they are on short-term contracts. In workshops hosted by the Solidarity Center, women reported that their short-term contracts were not renewed after the employer discovered their pregnancy" (7-8).
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-2
"While the right to work is core to the realization of substantive equality, the right to decent work remains largely elusive for women workers in Cambodia" (2). This seems to indicate that men are given higher priority when being selected for 'decent' jobs (MB2-CODER COMMENT). "In practice, many factories routinely use short‐term contracts for all staff regardless of length of employment, and fire pregnant women at some point prior to the birth of their child to avoid their legal obligations. At workshops with the Solidarity Center Cambodia many women working in the garment industry report that their short-term contracts were not renewed after the employer discovered that they were pregnant....more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-2
"While the right to work is core to the realization of substantive equality, the right to decent work remains largely elusive for women workers in Cambodia" (2). This seems to indicate that men are given higher priority when being selected for 'decent' jobs (MB2-CODER COMMENT). "In practice, many factories routinely use short‐term contracts for all staff regardless of length of employment, and fire pregnant women at some point prior to the birth of their child to avoid their legal obligations. At workshops with the Solidarity Center Cambodia many women working in the garment industry report that their short-term contracts were not renewed after the employer discovered that they were pregnant....more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Approximately 700,000 garment and footwear workers, over 85% of whom are women, are currently employed by more than 600 mostly foreign-owned factories" (2). "Women are estimated to account for up to 30% of the total workforce[in the construction sector]. However, employment in this sector is often informal and precarious, and accounts for about 11% of all informal employment in Cambodia" (2). "Domestic work—a predominantly female and highly informal workforce—is still excluded from the labor legislation" (2). "Legislative erosion of core labor rights, when coupled with an almost unchecked permission to use short term contracts (STCs), can leave women workers outside legal protections and increase their exposure to unsafe working conditions....more
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Approximately 700,000 garment and footwear workers, over 85% of whom are women, are currently employed by more than 600 mostly foreign-owned factories" (2). "Women are estimated to account for up to 30% of the total workforce[in the construction sector]. However, employment in this sector is often informal and precarious, and accounts for about 11% of all informal employment in Cambodia" (2). "Domestic work—a predominantly female and highly informal workforce—is still excluded from the labor legislation" (2). "Legislative erosion of core labor rights, when coupled with an almost unchecked permission to use short term contracts (STCs), can leave women workers outside legal protections and increase their exposure to unsafe working conditions....more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-LAW-2
"Article 172 of Cambodian Labor Law imposes an obligation on managers and employers to 'watch over good behavior and decency 'of women' and prohibits 'sexual violation.' However, 'sexual violation' is undefined and there are no further provisions with respect to penalties, sanctions or preventative measures. The Penal Code defines sexual harassment as 'an act that a person abuses the power which was vested to him/her in his/her functions in order to put pressure again and again on other persons in exchange for sexual favor.' However, this does not address sexual harassment that falls outside of the 'quid pro quo harassment,' and which would apply more broadly to horizontal relationships. Similarly,...more
Variables: ERBG-LAW-2
"Article 172 of Cambodian Labor Law imposes an obligation on managers and employers to 'watch over good behavior and decency 'of women' and prohibits 'sexual violation.' However, 'sexual violation' is undefined and there are no further provisions with respect to penalties, sanctions or preventative measures. The Penal Code defines sexual harassment as 'an act that a person abuses the power which was vested to him/her in his/her functions in order to put pressure again and again on other persons in exchange for sexual favor.' However, this does not address sexual harassment that falls outside of the 'quid pro quo harassment,' and which would apply more broadly to horizontal relationships. Similarly,...more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1
"For example, both female factory workers and factory managers cited a lack of safe and accessible transport options as a key barrier for female workers to utilize child-care or breast-feeding facilities which factories are obliged to provide under Cambodian labor law" (12).
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1
"For example, both female factory workers and factory managers cited a lack of safe and accessible transport options as a key barrier for female workers to utilize child-care or breast-feeding facilities which factories are obliged to provide under Cambodian labor law" (12).
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-5
"Women are estimated to account for up to 30% of the total workforce[in the construction sector]. However, employment in this sector is often informal and precarious, and accounts for about 11% of all informal employment in Cambodia" (2). "Domestic work—a predominantly female and highly informal workforce—is still excluded from the labor legislation" (2).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-5
"Women are estimated to account for up to 30% of the total workforce[in the construction sector]. However, employment in this sector is often informal and precarious, and accounts for about 11% of all informal employment in Cambodia" (2). "Domestic work—a predominantly female and highly informal workforce—is still excluded from the labor legislation" (2).
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Cambodian women have a labor force participation rate of 79.7%, the highest in the region. Approximately 700,000 garment and footwear workers, over 85% of whom are women, are currently employed by more than 600 mostly foreign-owned factories" (2). "Women are estimated to account for up to 30% of the total workforce[in the construction sector]. However, employment in this sector is often informal and precarious, and accounts for about 11% of all informal employment in Cambodia" (2).
Variables: ERBG-DATA-2
"Cambodian women have a labor force participation rate of 79.7%, the highest in the region. Approximately 700,000 garment and footwear workers, over 85% of whom are women, are currently employed by more than 600 mostly foreign-owned factories" (2). "Women are estimated to account for up to 30% of the total workforce[in the construction sector]. However, employment in this sector is often informal and precarious, and accounts for about 11% of all informal employment in Cambodia" (2).
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1
"In a 2011 study, the reasons identified by male and female workers for the low rate of union women leaders include that women are more easily intimidated and less educated, which the study understands as itself a product of broader Cambodian culture and unequal access to education" (5).
Variables: DMW-PRACTICE-1
"In a 2011 study, the reasons identified by male and female workers for the low rate of union women leaders include that women are more easily intimidated and less educated, which the study understands as itself a product of broader Cambodian culture and unequal access to education" (5).
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"According to Article 45 of the Cambodian Constitution, men and women have equal rights in all fields, especially in marriage and family" (8). "Article 46 of the Cambodian Constitution guarantees women have the right to take maternity leave with full pay without loss of seniority or social benefits. However, there is a dissonance between the constitutional principle and the labor legislation, which entitles workers to 90 days leave with 50% of their wages. There are also several Arbitration Council awards that have interpreted 90 days to mean 90 calendar days, and not 90 working days. In terms of the Law on Social Security, a female worker is entitled to 70%...more
Variables: CONST-LAW-1
"According to Article 45 of the Cambodian Constitution, men and women have equal rights in all fields, especially in marriage and family" (8). "Article 46 of the Cambodian Constitution guarantees women have the right to take maternity leave with full pay without loss of seniority or social benefits. However, there is a dissonance between the constitutional principle and the labor legislation, which entitles workers to 90 days leave with 50% of their wages. There are also several Arbitration Council awards that have interpreted 90 days to mean 90 calendar days, and not 90 working days. In terms of the Law on Social Security, a female worker is entitled to 70%...more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: ATC-DATA-5
"In 2019, the ILO [International Labour Organization] passed Convention 190 on Violence and Harassment, which recognizes the right of everyone to a world free from violence and harassment, including gender-based violence and harassment. The Convention applies to all sectors, in the formal and informal economies, as well as to spaces linked with or arising out of work, including sanitary and washing facilities, in employer provided accommodation and when commuting to and from work. The Convention obliges member states to adopt a gender-responsive approach to the prevention and elimination of violence in the world of work, in consultation with workers and employers organizations. Cambodia has not yet ratified ILO C190" (10).more
Variables: ATC-DATA-5
"In 2019, the ILO [International Labour Organization] passed Convention 190 on Violence and Harassment, which recognizes the right of everyone to a world free from violence and harassment, including gender-based violence and harassment. The Convention applies to all sectors, in the formal and informal economies, as well as to spaces linked with or arising out of work, including sanitary and washing facilities, in employer provided accommodation and when commuting to and from work. The Convention obliges member states to adopt a gender-responsive approach to the prevention and elimination of violence in the world of work, in consultation with workers and employers organizations. Cambodia has not yet ratified ILO C190" (10).more
Jan. 17, 2025, 11:50 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-3
"TUL [Trade Union Law] provisions requiring that trade union leaders be literate and educated particularly impact women workers who come primarily from rural areas and have low levels of education, and are time poor by virtue of juggling paid work, and unpaid caregiving roles" (5).
Variables: CL-PRACTICE-1, AFE-PRACTICE-3
"TUL [Trade Union Law] provisions requiring that trade union leaders be literate and educated particularly impact women workers who come primarily from rural areas and have low levels of education, and are time poor by virtue of juggling paid work, and unpaid caregiving roles" (5).
Dec. 31, 2024, 4:46 p.m.
Countries: Algeria, Bolivia, Cambodia, Chad, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Eritrea, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Swaziland, Vanuatu, Venezuela
Variables: IRP-SCALE-1
16
Variables: IRP-SCALE-1
16
Dec. 4, 2024, 4:38 p.m.
Countries: Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, D R Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Israel, Kazakhstan, Laos, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nepal, Rwanda
Variables: PW-LAW-1
"Technically illegal, but still practiced" (para 18).
Variables: PW-LAW-1
"Technically illegal, but still practiced" (para 18).
Aug. 10, 2024, 2:57 a.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Comoros, Ecuador, Fiji, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, North Korea, Peru, Philippines, Taiwan
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6
7.0
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6
7.0
March 31, 2024, 3:14 p.m.
Countries: Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Chad, China, Cuba, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Iran, Libya, Nicaragua, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Somalia, South Sudan, Turkmenistan, Venezuela, Yemen
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1
4.0
Variables: TRAFF-SCALE-1
4.0
March 30, 2024, 10:05 p.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, Cambodia ranks as a Tier 3 country (85).
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1
According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, Cambodia ranks as a Tier 3 country (85).
March 11, 2024, 2:59 p.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
"Is selling sex criminalised? Selling sex itself is legal although soliciting is illegal. Is buying sex criminalised? No. Is organising/managing criminalised? Organising sex work is illegal - procurement, managing 'prostitution' establishments and providing premises for 'prostitution' are all illegal" (para 1-3).
Variables: IRP-LAW-1
"Is selling sex criminalised? Selling sex itself is legal although soliciting is illegal. Is buying sex criminalised? No. Is organising/managing criminalised? Organising sex work is illegal - procurement, managing 'prostitution' establishments and providing premises for 'prostitution' are all illegal" (para 1-3).
Feb. 2, 2024, 6:33 a.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: DV-DATA-1
According to 2022 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) in Cambodia who have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime is 19 percent (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
Variables: DV-DATA-1
According to 2022 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) in Cambodia who have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime is 19 percent (KMM-CODER COMMENT).
Jan. 24, 2024, 3:24 p.m.
Countries: Angola, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Laos, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Senegal, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia
Variables: MMR-SCALE-2
3
Variables: MMR-SCALE-2
3
Jan. 24, 2024, 3:19 p.m.
Countries: Cambodia
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1
218
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1
218
Jan. 24, 2024, 3:15 p.m.
Countries: Angola, Bahamas, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, New Zealand, North Korea, Peru, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam
Variables: ERBG-SCALE-1
0
Variables: ERBG-SCALE-1
0
Jan. 24, 2024, 3:06 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: DACH-SCALE-2
1more
Variables: DACH-SCALE-2
1more