Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRW-PRACTICE-2

"There are exactly 6 shelters in Cambodia as of July 2019, all run by NGOs and collectively serving the needs of an estimated 200,000 women who suffer physical and sexual violence annually" (5).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"[T]he laws have not been amended to promote women… [and] temporary special measures are seldom used" (3). "The main barriers are… lack of laws setting quotas for women in key positions" (6).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-3

"The significant social, financial, legal, and familial obstacles facing women who participate in politics are detailed in NGO-CEDAW’s report on the 2017 Cambodian elections available on NGO-CEDAW’s website. The main barriers are: a) stereotypes of men as decision-makers and women as followers b) policies of political parties who deliberately place men at the top of candidate lists c) unequal economic opportunities where women must fundraise for campaigns while facing a wage gap and dual responsibilities for household work and campaigning; and d) lack of laws setting quotas for women in key positions" (6).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LO-PRACTICE-1

"2019 research on access to credit shows that access to credit in rural areas is often limited to predatory lenders and/or microfinance institutions. These are not just a few specialized businesses, but include some of the largest banks in Cambodia. Moreover, 75% of microfinance borrowers are women , so they are disproportionately affected by trends in this industry. Lenders not only charge inappropriately high interest rates and knowingly extend loans to persons unable to pay the debt back, but they use land titles as collateral. In the event of default, the lenders will seize land whose value is many times that of the debt without paying the difference to the...more

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: LRCM-PRACTICE-1

"Of further concern is the fact that marital rape is not prosecuted or deemed as abuse. Neither nonconsensual sex nor incest is enumerated in the DV Law as a type of sexual violence. The Criminal Code Article 239, which defines rape, does not explicitly include a spouse or partner so some advocates of prosecution state that the law prohibits marital rape, but many judges, police, and prosecutors view all sex between spouses or partners to be legal regardless of consent... 2019 research by Cambodian HIV/AIDS Education and Care (CHEC) showed that only 72% of local authorities surveyed in 4 rural districts identified forced sex on an intimate partner as a...more

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: IRP-PRACTICE-5

"NGO-CEDAW held a focus group discussion in September 2019 in which sex workers confirmed that the practice of arresting and detaining persons for being a public nuisance is continuing despite much past criticism" (5). "[S]ex workers are still routinely arrested by police for allegedly causing public disorder and sent to the Prey Speu center, where they are imprisoned without criminal charges for up to 6 months. This center is also used to detain homeless persons, drug users, and/or those with mental disabilities. The conditions of detention are unhealthy with insufficient access to medical care and no opportunity to attend classes in literacy or vocational training" (5-6).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: MARR-LAW-2

"LBT+ couples still face enormous discrimination and do not have the legal right to marry and adopt children. The Civil Code, Article 1023 explicitly forbids use of the adoption process in order to establish a same-sex or opposite sex marriage" (10).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: MISA-PRACTICE-2

"[T]he Prey Speu center... also used to detain homeless persons, drug users, and/or those with mental disabilities. The conditions of detention are unhealthy with insufficient access to medical care and no opportunity to attend classes in literacy or vocational training" (5-6). "Women who use drugs face imprisonment, detention and/or abuse instead of effective, evidence-based harm reduction, treatment and rehabilitation services that accord with principles of human rights and public health... While the number of Cambodians seeking treatment in health centers for drug addiction is increasing, there are concerns that some are involuntarily detained in compulsory drug rehabilitation centers rather than reintegrated into communities" (9).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: MURDER-DATA-1

"In January 2019, NGO-CEDAW and an indigenous rights organization coordinated to support legal services for one indigenous woman in Mondulkiri when the authorities failed her. Her former boyfriend (who was Khmer) had strangled her and left her for dead in a ditch when he learned she was pregnant. Without the support of her family, NGOs and a private attorney, the survivor would not have known her legal rights. Collectively they pushed the matter until the perpetrator was tried and convicted of attempted murder" (3).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: SEGI-PRACTICE-2

"Prior to 2015, International Women’s Day marches and campaigns were commonplace in Cambodia. However, every year from 2015 through 2019, authorities have barred women’s rights CSOs and unions from conducting marches, bicycle rides, or large assemblies on Women’s Day, even when the purpose of the event was to simply raise awareness of key issues facing women. Usually the purported reason for denying the activity is that it might block traffic, despite the fact that traffic is always extremely light on national holidays and alternate routes could be created" (1-2).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: IRP-LAW-1

"As mentioned in NGO-CEDAW’s January 2019 submission, sex work needs to be decriminalized and destigmatized by amending Criminal Code Article 298 and the Law on Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation Articles 23 and 24 to eliminate punishment for people suspected of being sex workers" (5).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: IIP-LAW-1

"NGO-CEDAW has seen drafts of the NAPVAW3 which include a comprehensive review of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Protection of Victims (DV Law), and a plan to define sexual harassment in the laws and regulations" (3).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: GP-DATA-5

"NGO-CEDAW commends the RGC for expanding the funding for legal aid. However, the system is still far from comprehensive and grossly underfunded" (3). "Mediators should understand that charges of domestic violence may be prosecuted without requiring the victim to pursue a complaint and even after a civil settlement is reached between an alleged perpetrator and the direct victim" (4).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: GP-DATA-2

"In the diplomatic arena, only 6 of 24 ambassadors and 43 of 24435 diplomatic officers are women" (6).

Countries: Cambodia
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1

"Cambodia lacks a sufficient complaint mechanism to address issues of medical malpractice or the failure to provide sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS). In 2019, there have been several cases of medical malpractice reported in the media, including unlicensed practitioners maintaining businesses for years until patients die. Other cases resulting in the deaths of women had the families taking their grievances to social media due to a lack of response to formal complaints. Lack of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) education and services is another key issue" (8).