Countries: Angola, Bahrain, Botswana, Congo, D R Congo, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Namibia, Tajikistan, Vanuatu, Zambia
Variables: MULTIVAR-SCALE-6

11.0

Countries: Botswana
Variables: TRAFF-DATA-1

According to the U.S. State Department's 2023 TIP report, Botswana ranks as a Tier 2 Watch List country (85).

Countries: Botswana
Variables: DV-DATA-1

According to 2022 data from the WHO's Global Health Observatory, the proportion of ever-partnered women and girls (aged 15-49) in Botswana who have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in their lifetime is 34 percent (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Botswana
Variables: MMR-SCALE-1

186

Countries: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma/Myanmar, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Rep, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D R Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: DACH-SCALE-2

1more

Countries: Botswana
Variables: MMR-DATA-1

According to a 2023 report on global trends in maternal mortality from 2000-2020 published by the WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and UNDESA/Population Division, in 2020 the maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) in Botswana was 186 (KMM-CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Botswana
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-3

"Immigration laws have no provision addressing trafficking" (16).

Countries: Botswana
Variables: TRAFF-LAW-1

"Botswana has put into place the Anti-Human Trafficking Act of 2014 in order to curb trafficking in persons particularly women and children" (6). "The Protocol on the Suppression and Punishment of Trafficking in persons especially women and children was ratified in August 2002 as a way of trying to curb the issue of trafficking and exploitation. It must however, be noted that Immigration laws have no provision addressing trafficking but there are deliberate measures in place to prevent child trafficking. Anybody travelling with a child outside the country is required to have an affidavit from the child’s parents or guardian. Research to assess the prevalence of trafficking has not yet...more

Countries: Botswana
Variables: NGOFW-DATA-1

"The Government in collaboration with civil society organisations continue to implement comprehensive empowerment programmes including life skills, technical skills, business management and financial assistance for income generating projects to enhance opportunities for employment creation for women [including] youth and women empowerment programmes including development of business and technical skills, financial support for entrepreneurship and enterprise development; poverty eradication programmes; micro lending programmes to provide start-up capital and mentorship for small businesses; provision of free education, back-to-school programme for youth who dropped out and those who previously failed, re-admission after pregnancy; orphan care programmes; and the national internship programme" (16). "“Women in Botswana continue to engage in self-help groups (Motshelo) and...more

Countries: Botswana
Variables: MMR-PRACTICE-1

"Maternal Mortality Ratio in Botswana continues to decline. Some of the leading causes of maternal mortality have been identified as haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, abortion and HIV/AIDS related infections" (7). "According to the Maternal Mortality Audit Report of 2012, the leading top four causes of maternal mortality in Botswana have been identified as haemorrhage (28%), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (17%), abortion (15%) and HIV/AIDS related infections (17%). Botswana has adopted the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths (CEMD) as a form of maternal mortality audit process. The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was reported at 186/100,000 in 2011 and 147.9/100,000 in 2012" (19). "The Maternal and Neonatal Health Programme initiated the...more

Countries: Botswana
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-7

"The Abolition of Marital Power Act has enabled women to acquire property and have meaningful participation on joint property which was otherwise administered by their spouses without consent. Most importantly women can acquire their own place of residence on permanent basis and independent of the man" (37). This suggests that before this legal change, husbands controlled both property and residence, which may be indicative of a patrilineal system with patrilocal marriage (VMH - CODER COMMENT).

Countries: Botswana
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1

"Women are subjected to customary law and they lack knowledge and information, particularly on marriage laws and this continues to perpetuate discriminatory practices in the area of marriage under customary law. The Legal Aid Programme has been established to deal with issues of access to justice and Legal Aid Act was passed in 2013. This will greatly enhance access to justice by women" (8). "The key challenge is that a significant number of Batswana women are subjected to customary law even though Constitutional law takes precedence over it. The lack of knowledge and information on the part of women themselves regarding Marriage laws and their implications have perpetuated discriminatory practices...more

Countries: Botswana
Variables: MARR-LAW-3

"With the Abolition of the Marital Power Act, 2004, women have the right to act in their independent capacity with regard to their personal life and participate in decision making in the case of joint property previously administered by their spouses prior to 2004. This also enables married women to make their own legal representation" (21). "The Abolition of Marital Power Act has enabled women to acquire property and have meaningful participation on joint property which was otherwise administered by their spouses without consent. Most importantly women can acquire their own place of residence on permanent basis and independent of the man" (37). "With regard to the acquisition of immovable...more

Countries: Botswana
Variables: LRW-LAW-1

"The Domestic Violence Act, 2008 abolishes spousal exclusion in rape cases . . . Moreover, it eliminated the common law spousal exclusion." (15). "[T]he Government acknowledges that currently there is no specific legislation that addresses sexual abuse" (15). "In terms of Section 45 of the Interpretation (Amendment) Act, 2013 the legal age of majority in Botswana is 18 years irrespective of sex. This effectively accords any such person locus standi to act in his/her name without any parental consent, save for persons who have been mentally incapacitated" (21).

Countries: Botswana
Variables: LRCM-LAW-2

"The Domestic Violence Act, 2008 abolishes spousal exclusion in rape cases. The Act provides a wide range of remedies for abuse and abusive behaviour including 'sexual abuse or threat thereof' in a 'domestic relationship'. Domestic relationship in terms of Section 2 of the Act includes a relationship where people 'are or were married to each other'. The Domestic Violence Act is a clear legislative statement of public policy which advances the construction of Section 141 of the Penal Code to include marital rape. It is a clear intent to criminalise abusive conduct even within the marriage. Moreover, it eliminated the common law spousal exclusion. The High Court in 2008 addressed...more