Countries: Bahrain
Variables: LRW-LAW-1

"Sexual and domestic violence are perpetuated in law and practice, as: Spousal rape is not considered a crime... Non-marital rape marriage refers to the fact that while rape outside marrige is a crime with punishment of life in prison, Article No.353 of the Penal Code exempts those who commit rape from punishment if they marry their victim. A rapist may escape his crime, since in most cases, women are forced by their family to marry their rapist in fear of 'shame' or 'dishonour' among social circles. Also, Bahrain’s penal code criminalises adultery and sexual relations outside marriage, which disproportionately harms women" (10).

Countries: Bahrain
Variables: LRW-LAW-4

"On June 26, the king signed legislation to repeal a penal code provision that had allowed rapists to evade criminal prosecution if they agreed to marry their victims. Regional media reported the change was welcomed by women’s rights activists, who had fought for years to eliminate the provision" (34).

Countries: Bahrain
Variables: LRW-LAW-4

"On 28 June, the Kingdom of Bahrain officially abolished a 'controversial' law that had allowed rapists to escape prosecutions if they agreed to marry their victims. The scrapped Article 353 of the 1976 Penal Code of Bahrain stated that 'no penalty shall be imposed on a person who commits one of the (sexual) crimes stipulated in the preceding articles if a valid marriage is concluded between him and the victim'. It also stated that 'if a final judgment is issued against him before the marriage contract is concluded, its execution shall be suspended, and its side effects shall end'" (para 1-3).

Countries: Afghanistan, Angola, Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bolivia, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Costa Rica, D R Congo, East Timor, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Turkey, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: DV-SCALE-1

4

Countries: Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Cameroon, Iraq, Kuwait, Philippines, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Thailand
Variables: LRW-LAW-4

"[M]any countries continue to have the so-called 'marry your rapist' laws, namely, laws that enable perpetrators to marry their victims and so avoid any penalties for their crime. Indeed, in April 2021, the U.N. Population Fund published a report indicating that this is still the case even today in Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Philippines, the Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan and Thailand, Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, among others" (para 5).

Countries: Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Cameroon, Central African Rep, Chad, Chile, D R Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iraq, Kuwait, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Vanuatu
Variables: LO-SCALE-3

3

Countries: Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma/Myanmar, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Greece, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen
Variables: LO-SCALE-1

1

Countries: Bahrain
Variables: DV-DATA-1

"An alarmingly high rate of abuse against Bahraini women was observed, with IPV prevalence in the study cohort amounting to 71.11%" (2895).

Countries: Bahrain
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"Women’s reproductive autonomy can be restricted by laws that prohibit the access to safe and legal abortion under essential circumstances (in cases of rape, incest, threats to the life or health of the pregnant woman and severe foetal impairment).Evidence shows that the share of unsafe abortions is higher in countries with restrictive abortion laws. Unsafe abortions are a leading but preventable cause of maternal mortality and millions of girls and women are hospitalised every year following complications of unsafe abortion procedures. Article 321 and 322 of the Penal Code, as amended, criminalise abortion under any circumstances. However, Article 18 of the law on the practice of medical and dental professions...more

Countries: Bahrain
Variables: ABO-LAW-1

"Abortion is criminalized under article 321 of the Penal Code; a doctor may perform an abortion only if the woman’s life is at risk; and the draft law on abortion currently being considered in parliament decriminalizes abortion only in cases where the fetus is malformed, but not in cases of rape or incest" (11).

Countries: Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad/Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Variables: AFE-SCALE-1

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Countries: Bahrain
Variables: ISSA-DATA-2

Chart 1, titled "The number of women for every 100 men in the Gulf countries," shows that there are just over 60 women for every 100 men in Bahrain (para 5).

Countries: Bahrain
Variables: LRW-LAW-4

"Article 353 of the Penal Code exempts rapists from prosecution and punishment if they marry their victims. In this regard, in 2016, parliament moved to repeal the entire article, but the cabinet of the GoB [government of Bahrain] rejected the proposal" (7).

Countries: Bahrain
Variables: LBHO-LAW-2

"The authors are concerned that the Supreme Council for Women’s rejection of the efficacy and power of quotas flies in the face of tens of countries’ experience and that its out-of-hand rejection is based, itself, on discrimination against women and a failure to implement Article 2 of the Covenant. SALAM DHR [Salam for Democracy and Human Rights] notes, too, that the GoB [government of Bahrain] does not set out the basis for its assertion in, inter alia, paragraph 73 of the state party’s report, namely that: '[...] the Committee’s concerns about de facto or substantive equality between women and men in areas where women are underrepresented or disadvantaged, including in...more

Countries: Bahrain
Variables: IAW-LAW-1, IAD-LAW-1

"As set out in paragraph 200 of the state party’s report, inheritance is regulated by religious denomination. As in other areas of civil law, this nevertheless remains a state decision and choice and the government can choose to impose state law over non-state Shari’a practice, as it does in the case of non-Muslims. As it stands, in inheritance the male gets twice as much as females" (11-12).