Latest items for Afghanistan
March 21, 2025, 10:13 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DACH-LAW-1
"Taliban officials insist there are no official policies that explicitly prohibit women from being given medical treatment" (para 13).
Variables: DACH-LAW-1
"Taliban officials insist there are no official policies that explicitly prohibit women from being given medical treatment" (para 13).
March 21, 2025, 10:13 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1
"Afghan girls are going without vital surgical procedures because of discriminatory restrictions put in place by the Taliban, new medical data and first-hand accounts from the country suggest. Instead they are being forced to rely on faith healers and traditional medicine – even in cases of serious and life-threatening injury and illness. Despite a fifty-fifty gender split among children, over 80 per cent of all surgical procedures carried out at a charity-run paediatric unit in Kabul were performed on boys, according to a survey of its first 1,000 operations" (para 1-3). "Of 1,014 patients under the age of 14, 80.5 per cent were male. The proportion of boys being given...more
Variables: DACH-PRACTICE-1
"Afghan girls are going without vital surgical procedures because of discriminatory restrictions put in place by the Taliban, new medical data and first-hand accounts from the country suggest. Instead they are being forced to rely on faith healers and traditional medicine – even in cases of serious and life-threatening injury and illness. Despite a fifty-fifty gender split among children, over 80 per cent of all surgical procedures carried out at a charity-run paediatric unit in Kabul were performed on boys, according to a survey of its first 1,000 operations" (para 1-3). "Of 1,014 patients under the age of 14, 80.5 per cent were male. The proportion of boys being given...more
March 21, 2025, 10:13 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"A deluge of regime diktats has barred women from leaving home without a male relative, working, going to school or training as doctors and nurses. Women have even been banned from raising their voices in public and speaking loudly inside their homes" (para 8-9).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, IIP-LAW-1
"A deluge of regime diktats has barred women from leaving home without a male relative, working, going to school or training as doctors and nurses. Women have even been banned from raising their voices in public and speaking loudly inside their homes" (para 8-9).
March 21, 2025, 10:13 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1, AFE-LAW-1, ASR-LAW-1
"A deluge of regime diktats has barred women from leaving home without a male relative, working, going to school or training as doctors and nurses" (para 8).
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1, AFE-LAW-1, ASR-LAW-1
"A deluge of regime diktats has barred women from leaving home without a male relative, working, going to school or training as doctors and nurses" (para 8).
March 21, 2025, 10:13 a.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ASR-DATA-1
"Fada Mohammad Peykan, a former deputy health minister, said: 'A massive brain drain is underway, and the number of female doctors is falling rapidly. Outside major cities, most surgeons are men, and under Taliban rules, they cannot treat female patients. The situation is critical. No new female doctors are being trained' (para 37-38).
Variables: ASR-DATA-1
"Fada Mohammad Peykan, a former deputy health minister, said: 'A massive brain drain is underway, and the number of female doctors is falling rapidly. Outside major cities, most surgeons are men, and under Taliban rules, they cannot treat female patients. The situation is critical. No new female doctors are being trained' (para 37-38).
March 20, 2025, 4:15 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8
"Studies have put Pakistan as having one of the highest rates [of consanguineous unions] globally at 65 per cent. This is followed by India (55 per cent), Saudi Arabia (50 per cent), Afghanistan (40 per cent), Iran (30 per cent) and Egypt and Turkey (20 per cent each)" (para 23-24).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8
"Studies have put Pakistan as having one of the highest rates [of consanguineous unions] globally at 65 per cent. This is followed by India (55 per cent), Saudi Arabia (50 per cent), Afghanistan (40 per cent), Iran (30 per cent) and Egypt and Turkey (20 per cent each)" (para 23-24).
Feb. 27, 2025, 8:53 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"Women arrested by the Taliban have said that they are being subjected to 'brutal' rapes and beatings in Afghan prisoners. They said they were arrested for begging by Taliban officials enforcing draconian new anti-begging laws before being sexually abused, tortured and forced to work in prison. Children were allegedly also detained, abused and some were even beaten to death. The women explained that they had to beg for money and food for their children as they were unable to find paid work after the Taliban took power in Afghanistan in 2021 and barred women from working. arlier his year the Taliban passed a new law prohibiting 'healthy people' who have...more
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"Women arrested by the Taliban have said that they are being subjected to 'brutal' rapes and beatings in Afghan prisoners. They said they were arrested for begging by Taliban officials enforcing draconian new anti-begging laws before being sexually abused, tortured and forced to work in prison. Children were allegedly also detained, abused and some were even beaten to death. The women explained that they had to beg for money and food for their children as they were unable to find paid work after the Taliban took power in Afghanistan in 2021 and barred women from working. arlier his year the Taliban passed a new law prohibiting 'healthy people' who have...more
Feb. 27, 2025, 8:53 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1
"The women explained that they had to beg for money and food for their children as they were unable to find paid work after the Taliban took power in Afghanistan in 2021 and barred women from working. Earlier his year the Taliban passed a new law prohibiting 'healthy people' who have enough money for one day's food from begging on the streets. The Taliban said they have 'rounded up' nearly 60,000 beggars just in Kabul" (para 3-5).
Variables: ERBG-LAW-1
"The women explained that they had to beg for money and food for their children as they were unable to find paid work after the Taliban took power in Afghanistan in 2021 and barred women from working. Earlier his year the Taliban passed a new law prohibiting 'healthy people' who have enough money for one day's food from begging on the streets. The Taliban said they have 'rounded up' nearly 60,000 beggars just in Kabul" (para 3-5).
Feb. 27, 2025, 8:53 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"Women arrested by the Taliban have said that they are being subjected to 'brutal' rapes and beatings in Afghan prisoners. They said they were arrested for begging by Taliban officials enforcing draconian new anti-begging laws before being sexually abused, tortured and forced to work in prison. Children were allegedly also detained, abused and some were even beaten to death" (para 1-2). "The woman then allegedly spent three days and nights in a Taliban prison, where she was forced to cook, clean and do laundry for the men employed there at first before officials told her that she would be fingerprinted and have her biometric details recorded. Her resistance resulted in...more
Variables: LRW-DATA-1
"Women arrested by the Taliban have said that they are being subjected to 'brutal' rapes and beatings in Afghan prisoners. They said they were arrested for begging by Taliban officials enforcing draconian new anti-begging laws before being sexually abused, tortured and forced to work in prison. Children were allegedly also detained, abused and some were even beaten to death" (para 1-2). "The woman then allegedly spent three days and nights in a Taliban prison, where she was forced to cook, clean and do laundry for the men employed there at first before officials told her that she would be fingerprinted and have her biometric details recorded. Her resistance resulted in...more
Feb. 27, 2025, 8:53 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: SUICIDE-DATA-1
"The woman then allegedly spent three days and nights in a Taliban prison, where she was forced to cook, clean and do laundry for the men employed there at first before officials told her that she would be fingerprinted and have her biometric details recorded. Her resistance resulted in a brutal beating, leaving her unconscious. The 32-year-old claims that she was then raped. The woman said she thought about suicide following her release, but worries about who would feed her children have stopped her" (para 10-12).
Variables: SUICIDE-DATA-1
"The woman then allegedly spent three days and nights in a Taliban prison, where she was forced to cook, clean and do laundry for the men employed there at first before officials told her that she would be fingerprinted and have her biometric details recorded. Her resistance resulted in a brutal beating, leaving her unconscious. The 32-year-old claims that she was then raped. The woman said she thought about suicide following her release, but worries about who would feed her children have stopped her" (para 10-12).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Taliban officials roam the streets enforcing the Islamic fundamentalists’ strict interpretation of sharia religious law, such as bans on women speaking or showing their faces outside their homes, or travelling without a male relative. They can make decisions about people’s lives and liberties on the spot, say human rights activists, including forcing them to marry" (para 5). "Without any further investigation, the Taliban forced Samira to marry her employer, a man who already had a wife and two children. His eldest son is the same age as Samira. The marriage was officiated at the station that same day by the Taliban police, who have been given the authority to...more
Variables: MARR-LAW-1
"The Taliban officials roam the streets enforcing the Islamic fundamentalists’ strict interpretation of sharia religious law, such as bans on women speaking or showing their faces outside their homes, or travelling without a male relative. They can make decisions about people’s lives and liberties on the spot, say human rights activists, including forcing them to marry" (para 5). "Without any further investigation, the Taliban forced Samira to marry her employer, a man who already had a wife and two children. His eldest son is the same age as Samira. The marriage was officiated at the station that same day by the Taliban police, who have been given the authority to...more
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1
"It was a normal summer morning in July last year when 19-year-old Samira* made her way to the carpet-weaving shop where she worked in Kabul to pick up her wages. She had no way of knowing that in just a few hours, her life as she knew it would be over. She would end the day in a Taliban police station, a victim of forced marriage with her entire future decided for her by a group of strangers with guns" (para 1-2). "That day, Samira says, she was 'frozen with fear' as they approached her. 'They asked, ‘Who is this man [her employer] to you? Why are you alone? What...more
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-1
"It was a normal summer morning in July last year when 19-year-old Samira* made her way to the carpet-weaving shop where she worked in Kabul to pick up her wages. She had no way of knowing that in just a few hours, her life as she knew it would be over. She would end the day in a Taliban police station, a victim of forced marriage with her entire future decided for her by a group of strangers with guns" (para 1-2). "That day, Samira says, she was 'frozen with fear' as they approached her. 'They asked, ‘Who is this man [her employer] to you? Why are you alone? What...more
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1
"When her father, uncle and older brothers learned what had happened, they broke into Mohammad’s house with sticks, shovels and other tools and beat Samira. Samira does not even remember which of her relatives hit her with the shovel. The marks from the wounds on her forehead are still visible six months later, she says. Yasmin says she had intended to take Samira home before her father had arrived and had to tell Samira she could not now return home. Her father told her: 'My honour is gone. How can I face the neighbours and the community?' Yasmin tried to persuade her father but to no avail. 'I apologised repeatedly,...more
Variables: MURDER-PRACTICE-1
"When her father, uncle and older brothers learned what had happened, they broke into Mohammad’s house with sticks, shovels and other tools and beat Samira. Samira does not even remember which of her relatives hit her with the shovel. The marks from the wounds on her forehead are still visible six months later, she says. Yasmin says she had intended to take Samira home before her father had arrived and had to tell Samira she could not now return home. Her father told her: 'My honour is gone. How can I face the neighbours and the community?' Yasmin tried to persuade her father but to no avail. 'I apologised repeatedly,...more
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: PW-PRACTICE-3
"Without any further investigation, the Taliban forced Samira to marry her employer, a man who already had a wife and two children. His eldest son is the same age as Samira. The marriage was officiated at the station that same day by the Taliban police, who have been given the authority to perform marriage rites since the Islamists’ takeover in 2021" (para 13-14).
Variables: PW-PRACTICE-3
"Without any further investigation, the Taliban forced Samira to marry her employer, a man who already had a wife and two children. His eldest son is the same age as Samira. The marriage was officiated at the station that same day by the Taliban police, who have been given the authority to perform marriage rites since the Islamists’ takeover in 2021" (para 13-14).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: LRCM-DATA-1
"'The ban on girls’ education above grade 6 increases exposure of girls to abuse, including early marriage. These marriages often lead to more suffering for women and girls, including marital rape, abuse, forced pregnancy and forced labour'" (para 30).
Variables: LRCM-DATA-1
"'The ban on girls’ education above grade 6 increases exposure of girls to abuse, including early marriage. These marriages often lead to more suffering for women and girls, including marital rape, abuse, forced pregnancy and forced labour'" (para 30).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, PW-DATA-1
"Samira, who remains living with Mohammad and his first wife, says she is now struggling with depression and that the only place where she is allowed to go is her sister Yasmin’s house" (para 24).
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1, PW-DATA-1
"Samira, who remains living with Mohammad and his first wife, says she is now struggling with depression and that the only place where she is allowed to go is her sister Yasmin’s house" (para 24).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The Taliban officials roam the streets enforcing the Islamic fundamentalists’ strict interpretation of sharia religious law, such as bans on women speaking or showing their faces outside their homes, or travelling without a male relative" (para 5).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"The Taliban officials roam the streets enforcing the Islamic fundamentalists’ strict interpretation of sharia religious law, such as bans on women speaking or showing their faces outside their homes, or travelling without a male relative" (para 5).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Under Taliban rule, girls aged over 12 are not allowed to attend school, so carpet-weaving is one of the few areas where women and girls deprived of education can still work. More than 20 women and young girls along with Samira worked for the carpet-weaving business, located in the basement of an unfinished building in a poverty-stricken neighbourhood. They earned about 7,000 Afghanis (£80) a month" (para 6-7).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-1
"Under Taliban rule, girls aged over 12 are not allowed to attend school, so carpet-weaving is one of the few areas where women and girls deprived of education can still work. More than 20 women and young girls along with Samira worked for the carpet-weaving business, located in the basement of an unfinished building in a poverty-stricken neighbourhood. They earned about 7,000 Afghanis (£80) a month" (para 6-7).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"That morning, as she waited alone outside her employer’s shop to collect her salary while he ate his lunch, the Taliban’s 'morality police' were on patrol nearby. 'I had to wait because the workshop was an hour’s walk from home,' she says. 'The shop was near a main road. Unluckily, I was sitting right outside the door when the Taliban passed by and suddenly noticed me.' The Taliban officials roam the streets enforcing the Islamic fundamentalists’ strict interpretation of sharia religious law, such as bans on women speaking or showing their faces outside their homes, or travelling without a male relative. They can make decisions about people’s lives and liberties...more
Variables: DTCP-PRACTICE-1
"That morning, as she waited alone outside her employer’s shop to collect her salary while he ate his lunch, the Taliban’s 'morality police' were on patrol nearby. 'I had to wait because the workshop was an hour’s walk from home,' she says. 'The shop was near a main road. Unluckily, I was sitting right outside the door when the Taliban passed by and suddenly noticed me.' The Taliban officials roam the streets enforcing the Islamic fundamentalists’ strict interpretation of sharia religious law, such as bans on women speaking or showing their faces outside their homes, or travelling without a male relative. They can make decisions about people’s lives and liberties...more
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Samira, who remains living with Mohammad and his first wife, says she is now struggling with depression and that the only place where she is allowed to go is her sister Yasmin’s house. Neither her father nor her mother will speak to her. She says the men in her family are 'no different from the Taliban'. 'Without knowing the full story, without even asking me why I had gone to the factory’s office at that time of day, they feel entitled to call me a prostitute, just like the Taliban did, and enforce the marriage between Mohammad and me'" (para 24-25).
Variables: DSFMF-PRACTICE-4
"Samira, who remains living with Mohammad and his first wife, says she is now struggling with depression and that the only place where she is allowed to go is her sister Yasmin’s house. Neither her father nor her mother will speak to her. She says the men in her family are 'no different from the Taliban'. 'Without knowing the full story, without even asking me why I had gone to the factory’s office at that time of day, they feel entitled to call me a prostitute, just like the Taliban did, and enforce the marriage between Mohammad and me'" (para 24-25).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: DSFMF-LAW-1
"'They asked, ‘Who is this man [her employer] to you? Why are you alone? What are you doing here? How can you allow such a thing? What are you doing with a man who isn’t your relative?’' The Taliban officers arrested Samira and Mohammad*, 42, on charges of an immoral relationship and contacted both of their families" (para 8-9).
Variables: DSFMF-LAW-1
"'They asked, ‘Who is this man [her employer] to you? Why are you alone? What are you doing here? How can you allow such a thing? What are you doing with a man who isn’t your relative?’' The Taliban officers arrested Samira and Mohammad*, 42, on charges of an immoral relationship and contacted both of their families" (para 8-9).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: CWC-DATA-2
"'Many Afghans have informed me that forced and child marriages still occur widely with impunity, including with Taliban members, especially in rural and remote areas'" (para 29).
Variables: CWC-DATA-2
"'Many Afghans have informed me that forced and child marriages still occur widely with impunity, including with Taliban members, especially in rural and remote areas'" (para 29).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ASR-PRACTICE-1
"Before being barred from school, Samira says she had dreams of becoming an engineer, despite the mockery of her brothers, who told her: 'What does a girl have to do with becoming an engineer? When you grow up, your father will find you a husband'" (para 23).
Variables: ASR-PRACTICE-1
"Before being barred from school, Samira says she had dreams of becoming an engineer, despite the mockery of her brothers, who told her: 'What does a girl have to do with becoming an engineer? When you grow up, your father will find you a husband'" (para 23).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: AOM-DATA-2
"However, Richard Bennett, UN special rapporteur on human rights in Afghanistan, said there had been a worsening trend of forced and child marriages in Afghanistan, despite a Taliban order in December 2021 that banned forced marriages. 'Many Afghans have informed me that forced and child marriages still occur widely with impunity, including with Taliban members, especially in rural and remote areas. 'The ban on girls’ education above grade 6 increases exposure of girls to abuse, including early marriage. These marriages often lead to more suffering for women and girls, including marital rape, abuse, forced pregnancy and forced labour'" (para 28-30).
Variables: AOM-DATA-2
"However, Richard Bennett, UN special rapporteur on human rights in Afghanistan, said there had been a worsening trend of forced and child marriages in Afghanistan, despite a Taliban order in December 2021 that banned forced marriages. 'Many Afghans have informed me that forced and child marriages still occur widely with impunity, including with Taliban members, especially in rural and remote areas. 'The ban on girls’ education above grade 6 increases exposure of girls to abuse, including early marriage. These marriages often lead to more suffering for women and girls, including marital rape, abuse, forced pregnancy and forced labour'" (para 28-30).
Feb. 20, 2025, 9:55 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: AFE-LAW-1
"Under Taliban rule, girls aged over 12 are not allowed to attend school" (para 6). "Before being barred from school, Samira says she had dreams of becoming an engineer, despite the mockery of her brothers, who told her: 'What does a girl have to do with becoming an engineer? When you grow up, your father will find you a husband'" (para 23). "'The ban on girls’ education above grade 6 increases exposure of girls to abuse, including early marriage'" (para 30).
Variables: AFE-LAW-1
"Under Taliban rule, girls aged over 12 are not allowed to attend school" (para 6). "Before being barred from school, Samira says she had dreams of becoming an engineer, despite the mockery of her brothers, who told her: 'What does a girl have to do with becoming an engineer? When you grow up, your father will find you a husband'" (para 23). "'The ban on girls’ education above grade 6 increases exposure of girls to abuse, including early marriage'" (para 30).
Feb. 13, 2025, 3:56 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan, Egypt, India, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8
"Estimates on consanguineous marriage prevalence around the world vary. Studies have put Pakistan as having one of the highest rates globally at 65 per cent of unions. This is followed by India (55 per cent), Saudi Arabia (50 per cent), Afghanistan (40 per cent), Iran (30 per cent) and Egypt and Turkey (20 per cent each)" (para 46-48).
Variables: MARR-PRACTICE-8
"Estimates on consanguineous marriage prevalence around the world vary. Studies have put Pakistan as having one of the highest rates globally at 65 per cent of unions. This is followed by India (55 per cent), Saudi Arabia (50 per cent), Afghanistan (40 per cent), Iran (30 per cent) and Egypt and Turkey (20 per cent each)" (para 46-48).
Feb. 8, 2025, 12:18 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-3
"Women have also mostly been barred from working for the United Nations or NGOs, and thousands have been sacked from government jobs or are being paid to stay at home" (par. 7).
Variables: LBHO-PRACTICE-3
"Women have also mostly been barred from working for the United Nations or NGOs, and thousands have been sacked from government jobs or are being paid to stay at home" (par. 7).
Feb. 8, 2025, 12:18 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Beauty parlours mushroomed across Kabul and other Afghan cities in the 20 years that US-led forces occupied the country after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks against New York City's World Trade centre. They were seen as a safe place to gather and socialise away from men and provided vital business opportunities for women. 'Women used to chat, gossip. There was no fighting here, no noise,' said a salon worker who asked to be identified only as Neelab" (par. 12-14). ""Raha, a 24-year-old student until she was barred from university last year, was visiting a salon Tuesday for a makeover before an engagement party. 'This place was the only place...more
Variables: IIP-PRACTICE-1
"Beauty parlours mushroomed across Kabul and other Afghan cities in the 20 years that US-led forces occupied the country after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks against New York City's World Trade centre. They were seen as a safe place to gather and socialise away from men and provided vital business opportunities for women. 'Women used to chat, gossip. There was no fighting here, no noise,' said a salon worker who asked to be identified only as Neelab" (par. 12-14). ""Raha, a 24-year-old student until she was barred from university last year, was visiting a salon Tuesday for a makeover before an engagement party. 'This place was the only place...more
Feb. 8, 2025, 12:18 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Afghanistan's Taliban authorities have ordered beauty parlours across the country to shut within a month, their latest crackdown on women's rights in the country" (par. 1). "Since seizing power in August 2021, the Taliban government has barred girls and women from high schools and universities, banned them from parks, funfairs and gyms, and ordered them to cover up in public" (par. 6).
Variables: IIP-LAW-1
"Afghanistan's Taliban authorities have ordered beauty parlours across the country to shut within a month, their latest crackdown on women's rights in the country" (par. 1). "Since seizing power in August 2021, the Taliban government has barred girls and women from high schools and universities, banned them from parks, funfairs and gyms, and ordered them to cover up in public" (par. 6).
Feb. 8, 2025, 12:18 p.m.
Countries: Afghanistan
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Another salon manager said she employed 25 women who were all breadwinners for their families. 'All of them are heartbroken... what should they do?' she said" (par. 16). ""Raha, a 24-year-old student until she was barred from university last year, was visiting a salon Tuesday for a makeover before an engagement party. 'This place was the only place left for women to earn for themselves and they want to take it, too,' she said" (par. 23-24).
Variables: ERBG-PRACTICE-4
"Another salon manager said she employed 25 women who were all breadwinners for their families. 'All of them are heartbroken... what should they do?' she said" (par. 16). ""Raha, a 24-year-old student until she was barred from university last year, was visiting a salon Tuesday for a makeover before an engagement party. 'This place was the only place left for women to earn for themselves and they want to take it, too,' she said" (par. 23-24).